Browsing by Author "Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo"
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Item Beach Debris survey at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, during the Antarctic season 1996/97(1997) Torres, Daniel; Jorquera, Doris; Vallejos, Verónica; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo; Zárate, SergioDuring the Antarctic season 1996/97 a beach debris survey was carried out on the beaches of Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, where a total of 1,609 artieles were collected, with an accumulated weight of 49.03 kg. Besides, from a neighbouring area of Cape Shirreff, 178 plastic pieces were collected to avoid that this material may enter the site during storms and windy weather. As it occurred in all previous seasons with monitoring activities, plastic was the main stranded item (n=1,517) with 94.3%, followed by glass (n=67) with 4.2%; metal (n=19) 1.2%; and paper (n=6) 0,4%. Of plastic items used in fisheries a total of 421 artieles were collected (strapping bands=207, ropes=205, and net pieces=9). The total density of marine debris collected on the site has increased from 0.65 articles/m2 in 1993/94 to 1.02 in 1994/95, 1.52 in 1995/96, and diminished to 0.46 in 1996/97. For the first time it was observed an important presence of pieces ofexpanded polyestirene (EP) (n=708) with 46.7% with respect to the total figure of 1,517 plastic artieles collected. This situation leads us to think that this material may proceed from logistic operations, because many of those pieces present cavities similar to those provided to protect some electronic apparatus. This is a fact against to Annex V of the Protocol, and to the Code of Conduct prepared by SCAR, because it is forbiden to take into the Convention area this kind of synthetic material. Several plastic pieces (n=15) show evidence of having been partially burnt. This situation provides the possibility to infer that the ashes produced in incinerators may also have been disposed into the sea, as it was reported in previous seasons. If so, this is a continuous proof of an action contrary to the international agreements related to protection of the sea and its biota. Some plastic fibres continue to appear in sorne nests of Larus dominicanus (kelp gull), and Chionis alba (sheathbill). Two specimens of Arctocephalus gazella (Antarctic fur seal) were seen entangled with plastic fibres, which were removed from the animals after being inmobilized with a piece of net obtained from the stranded garbage. It is expected that the new and complementary activities to the Conservation Measures adopted by CCAMLR, such as teaching and didactic material to be prepared for crews of several kind of ships which operate in the Southern Ocean and adjacent waters, may have a positive effect in diminishing the impact caused by man-made marine debris. As a future international issue, related to the protection and conservation of the sea and biota, to be kept in mind by shipbuilders and naval engineers, it is proposed to inelude in the working drawing a specific and adequate hold of a ship where the classified garbage produced on board can be stored, with the respective compartments with the international colour for plastic, glass, cans, paper, and other kinds of elean debris, with the purpose of being disembarked in all international ports, especially in those with appropriate facilities to receive and manage that kind of waste. Meanwhile, it is suggested that at present times, companies and owners of Antarctic fleets and ships, make an effort to accomodate on board a specific container to store the garbage produced in order to disembark it adequately in each port, if possible, outside the Convention area. The amount of garbage produced and disembarked would be a matter to be ineluded in the respective logbooks.Item Cisnes de cuello negro Cygnus melanocorypha (Molina, 1782) en el área de las islas Shetland del Sur y península Antártica(1999) Olavarría, Carlos; Coria, Néstor; Schlatter, Roberto; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo; Vallejos, Verónica; Godoy, Claudia; Torres, Daniel; Aguayo-Lobo, AnelioLa distribución en Chile y Argentina del cisne de cuello negro, Cygnus melanocorypha (Molina, 1782), se extiende desde la zona central de ambos países hasta Tierra del Fuego. Sin embargo, se han registrado ejemplares fuera de su distribución habitual, como en el Valle de Huasco (Atacama) y en el Archipiélago de Juan Fernández, en territorio chileno, y en el área antártica, en las islas Shetland del Sur y en la península Antártica. El objetivo de esta contribución es informar once registros nuevos efectuados durante las Expediciones Científicas del Instituto Antártico Chileno y del Instituto Antártico Argentino, entre los veranos de 1994/95 y 1996/97, discutiendo las razones que podrían explicar la presencia ocasional de C. melanocorypha en la Antártica, proponiéndose que estas se relacionarían con factores ambientales, tales como es el caso de sequías macroregionales debido a fenómenos globales como "El Niño" (ENSO).Item Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, by marine debris at Cape Shirreff and San Telmo Islets, Livingston Island, Antarctica: 1988-1997(1997) Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo; Torres, Daniel; Vallejos, VerónicaWe compiled records of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) found entangled by marine debris (neck collars) at SSSI N°32 and CEMP site 'Cape Shirreff and San Telmo islets', Livingston island, Antarctica, obtained during the summer seasons between 1988 and 1997. Our results indicate that 45% of the entanglement material found in a total of 20 individuals corresponded to synthetic packing bands and other plastic debris, in contrast to the remaining percentage (55%) which corresponded to discarded fishing gear like net fragments and nylon ropes. The total percentage of entangled animals versus total population in the area per season is low (0,024% ± 0,012); nevertheless, we consider that the obtained values could be underestimations. To reduce this type of occurrences, we propose: (1) the monitoring of entangled Antarctic fur seals by marine debris over the South Shetland archipelago area through a cooperative interinstitutional sighting network to assess with more complete data the impact that marine debris are causing on this species; (2) the implementation of more regulations over fishing vessels operating in CCAMLR's regulated areas of the Southern Ocean; (3) further instruction of scientific observers in relation to reporting detailed information on operational interactions between fisheries and marine mammals, sightings of entangled marine mammals at sea, and type and amount of discarded fishing gear; (4) directed education to captains and crews of fishing vessels with the aid of an informative booklet; and (5) the ratification and implementation of Annex V of MARPOL by members who have not yet done so.Item Occasional acoustic presence of antarctic blue whales on a feeding ground in southern Chile(Wiley & Sons, 2018-01) Buchan, Susannah J.; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo; Stafford, Kathleen M.; Clark, Christopher W.