Acidificación de los océanos. Efectos en los organismos calcificadores antárticos
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Date
2017-11-01
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Abstract
A escala global, el exceso de CO2 atmosférico es absorbido por las aguas
oceánicas provocando cambios químicos como la disminución del pH, fenómeno
conocido como acidificación oceánica. Los organismos calcificadores que habitan
las aguas más frías del planeta son especialmente vulnerables a los efectos de la
acidificación oceánica, un proceso que está reduciendo la capacidad de muchos
organismos marinos de calcificar y formar los esqueletos de carbonato cálcico
(CaCO3) que utilizan como estructura de apoyo y protección. En estas especies, la
capacidad de calcificar depende de las concentraciones de CaCO3 disuelto en el
agua, así como de la temperatura y la presión marina. En particular, las aguas
frías del Océano Antártico presentan mayores concentraciones de CO2 y menores
de CaCO3, y ello reduce la disponibilidad del carbonato necesario para el proceso
de calcificación. La presente monografía revisa los trabajos realizados en relación
a los efectos de la acidificación oceánica sobre diversos organismos calcificadores
marinos, haciendo énfasis en los estudios realizados en el Océano Antártico, así
como las posibles acciones futuras que ayuden a entender y/o revertir la situación.
The Oceans have taken about one third of anthropogenic (human-made) CO2 emissions, which changes the seawater chemistry and results in a decrease in pH, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification. Marine calcifying organisms that inhabit the coldest waters of the planet are especially vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification, a process that reduces the capacity of many marine organisms to calcify and form the skeletons of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that they use as a structure support and protection against predators. In these species, the ability to calcify depends on the concentrations of CaCO3 dissolved in the water, as well as the temperature and sea pressure. In particular, the cold waters of the Antarctic Ocean present higher concentrations of CO2 and less of CaCO3, which reduces the availability of the carbonate necessary for the calcification process. This monograph reviews the work related to the effects of ocean acidification on various marine calcifying organisms, focusing in the Antarctic Ocean, as well as possible future actions to understand and/or reverse the situation.
The Oceans have taken about one third of anthropogenic (human-made) CO2 emissions, which changes the seawater chemistry and results in a decrease in pH, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification. Marine calcifying organisms that inhabit the coldest waters of the planet are especially vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification, a process that reduces the capacity of many marine organisms to calcify and form the skeletons of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that they use as a structure support and protection against predators. In these species, the ability to calcify depends on the concentrations of CaCO3 dissolved in the water, as well as the temperature and sea pressure. In particular, the cold waters of the Antarctic Ocean present higher concentrations of CO2 and less of CaCO3, which reduces the availability of the carbonate necessary for the calcification process. This monograph reviews the work related to the effects of ocean acidification on various marine calcifying organisms, focusing in the Antarctic Ocean, as well as possible future actions to understand and/or reverse the situation.
Description
Monografía requisito "Diplomado en Asuntos Antárticos"
Keywords
Educación, divulgación y turismo, Acidificación oceánica, Organismos calcificadores, Dióxido de carbono CO2
Citation
Punta Arenas: Universidad de Magallanes, 2017